According to leading lipid biochemist and psychiatrist Joseph Hibbeln, the government should change its standard dietary recommendations because recent research has proven that omega-3 fatty acids found in fish increases a woman’s cognitive ability more than omega-6 fatty acids. A change in dietary recommendations is even more critical for pregnant women as a fetus might not develop properly if some nutrients are lacking.

At the University of California, Professors Steven Gaulin and William Lassek observed that women who had more fat in their hips and thighs had cognitive test scores that were higher than those whose fat accumulated around the waist. Accordingly the fat on the hips meant that the mother had more omega-3s stored as opposed to the omega 6 fatty acids stored at the waist area. Interestingly enough even the children benefitted from the omega 3s taken by their mother as proven by comparative cognitive assessments. These two experts tested their theory by gathering data from boys and girls at a study during the Third National Health and Nurition Examination. Once other variables like the parental financial status and education as well as the age, ethnicity and other factors affecting the child were isolated it soon became apparent that young girls who took in more omega-3 from fish performed better on their cognitive exams which included an IQ test.

Despite the fact that there are other factors that influence intelligence like the education of the parents and genetics. There is clear proof that exists which point to a difference in the child’s test scores. A girl’s cognitive exam is two times better than a boy’s even if the boy eats more omega-3 fatty acids. In relation to this there is also a study detailing the relationship between omega 6 fatty acids and how it impedes cognition.

These researches not only show increased cognition when one increases omega 3 intake but that if the body lacks this fatty acids risks like depression, suicide, bi-polar disorder and other illnesses increase. These according to Hibbeln should be taken seriously and not just set aside.

Giant stars are very rare. Our sun is also going to join the giant star club. The brightness of the sun is due to the conversion of helium from hydrogen. After around 6.4 billion years the burnings would form a layer around the core of the sun and will help the sun to expands and with this the color of the sun will change to yellow and then to orange color. Aftermath of this the sun will change its color to red. The giant term in connection with the stars indicates the brightness of that stars. The giant term can be applied to only around 1% of the stars present in our galaxy. Arcturus is known to be an orange giant when Capella is constituted of two yellow stars.
Doppler’s shift is applied to measure the spin of the stars.

There are generally two shifts of stars when it is about spin. The spinning towards us is named as blue shift and the spinning away is called redshirt. The width of the spectral lines determines the spin rate of the stars. The exterior of giants is believed to have lower spin as revealed by the studies. No study reveals about the spin of the core of the stars. The study which is done by Catholic University in Belgium shows that the giant stars are cooler and bigger than the sun. Various giant stars were taken for this study.

The stars were heavier than that of sun. The brightness of the stars can be studied from the dips of star light that NASA’s spacecraft kepler monitors. There are variations in findings which is because of the variations in star light. These vibrations pave the way for the study of the core for astronomers as like the seismologists study the core of the earth with the earthquake. The long time study of around 10 years with the kepler data intact suggests that the core of the stars runs faster than that of the exterior. It can be a multiple of around ten.

Many other scientists have backed this fact as a very good finding because every time study was done in relation to the longevity of the stars. Longevity of the stars is directly connected to the spin of the stars. Nobody had ever thought about the internal happenings of the stars which could be very important in knowing the life span of the stars. The important fact is that it gives an insight to the status of sun when it becomes a giant. Its exterior will spin slowly than that of core.

• A copy of some Kakuro puzzles
• Pencil and eraser

What to do

A Kakuro consists of a grid of boxes, some empty and some filled. Lines of empty boxes run across and down. These lines each have a clue – to the left of horizontal lines and above vertical ones. The aim is to write a digit from 1 to 9 in each empty box following two rules:

• No two boxes in a line contain the same digit
• Adding up all the digits in the line will equal the clue

There are a lot of tricks to this puzzle, so we’ll explain how to solve Puzzle A step by step:

1. The top line, going left, has two boxes and adds up to 3. That means one of those boxes must be a 1 and the other must be a two. We don’t know which is which though.
2. The first line going down has two boxes adding up to 4. 2 + 2 = 4, but that has a repeated digit, so we can’t use that sum. That means one of those boxes must be a 1 and the other must be a 3.
3. Using these two clues, we find the top left box must be a 1, and we can fill in the other two as well.
4. Now we look at the second line going across. Three boxes add up to a total of 6, and the only sum that works is 1 + 2 + 3 = 6, so the empty boxes are 2 and 1. If we look at the second row going down, there’s already a 2, so the 1 has to go in the middle box.
5. From here, it shouldn’t be too hard to fill in the remaining boxes.

Once you’ve finished the example, have a go with puzzle B.

What’s happening?

Kakuro is a very mathematical game, but it’s not just because there is a lot of addition. Trying to fit the numbers in the grid requires a lot of logical thinking.

When you’re starting a new puzzle, it can be very difficult to work out where to look first. Some of the best clues are small totals with lots of boxes and large totals with very few boxes. For example, three boxes adding up to 7 must be 1, 2, 4 in some arrangement, and 17 in two boxes must be 8, 9 or 9, 8.

Often it can help if you write down all the possible equations that add up to the total for a line. Sometimes, you can use that information to prove certain digits can’t be in a line, or use a few numbers in the line to work out what all the others in that line must be.

You might want to write notes in the boxes to remind you what numbers might be in a box. Instead of writing little numbers, you could imagine the box as the numbers on a phone. Then, put a dot where the key would be. So a dot in the top left would be a 1 and one in the centre would be a 5.

An example puzzle.	The first line must be 1 and 2.	Remember that there can't be two of the same number in a sum.
Remember that there can't be two of the same number in a sum.	The completed puzzle.

This Sudoku has 30 clues, but enthusiasts have found examples with only 17.

Sudoku are popular puzzles that can be seen in newspapers and puzzle books all around the world. The aim is to have a number in each one of the 81 boxes that make up the puzzle, while following certain rules. Some of the boxes start out with numbers in them already to act as clues. These clues make sure there is only one solution to the puzzle.

Most Sudoku have around 25 clues, but enthusiasts have long been interested in how few clues a Sudoku could have and still lead to only one answer. There are several Sudoku with only 17 clues, but no one had ever found a 16 clue Sudoku, so Gary McGuire from University College Dublin decided to look for one.

His strategy was simple – write down every possible answer, and then check to see if any of them could be posed as a 16 clue puzzle. Although the strategy was simple, it wasn’t going to be easy – there are 6 670 903 752 021 072 936 960 different possible answer grids to be checked.

Gary’s first task was to reduce the number of answer grids to check. He noticed that many answer grids were very similar. For example, some were exactly the same, only rotated, and others had some of the columns swapped. If he checked one of each group of similar grids, he wouldn’t need to check the partners. Using these similarities, he reduced the number of possibilities to check down to 5 472 730 538. This number was still large, but much more manageable.

He then wrote a computer program to check each possible grid to see if it had a 16 clue problem. The program worked by finding smaller areas in the puzzle that definitely needed a clue. He rewrote his program several times to make it faster, until he was satisfied.

Finally, he broke the calculations into lots of smaller jobs, and sent them off to the university’s super-computer. About one year after the calculations started, the final job was finished. He didn’t find any 16 clue Sudoku, leading him to conclude that Sudoku puzzles with fewer than 17 clues don’t exist.

A deep study has been carried out on this topic and analyses are made which proves that snakes do have internal ears and they can hear as well. Bruce Young is one of the neurobiologists and he made some new researches which can prove the mentioned points.

How humans inner ears are different from that of snakes? Human ears consists of several parts such as hair cells, bones and ear drum when there are sound waves that causes vibrations of tiny hair cells due to small movement of bones because of sound waves that hits the eardrum. These vibrations then reaches to the brain in the form of nerve impulses and this make us to hear the sounds. On the other hand snakes lacks these year drums and have totally different inner ear structures according to which their jawbone have a direct connection with their inner ears and the movements on the ground are received by their brain in the form of signals through their inner ears.

This study made it clear that snakes can also hear the movements made on the ground but whether they can hear to the air travelling sounds where the medium is air. Another biologist with a name Christian Christensen of Aarhus University in Denmark along with few of his colleagues made a study on the ball python. By attaching the electrodes to pythons head a study was made on their inner ears neurons that connect them to their brain and their nerve pulses were recorded with results of frequency lying between 80 t0 100 hertz. The study was successful but since there are almost 3000 varieties of snakes and each one is different from the other in various prospects.

When the eyes are damaged by light, the vision cells become overly stressed and essentially shut down. Once they have shut themselves down, they eventually die. When vision cells have died, there is no way to recover them. Often what happens is one group of cells shuts down in the retina- a “hot-spot” of damaged cells, and then it spreads outward from that area.

With this new method of reversing damage using gentle, pain free infrared light, those damaged cells can be recovered before they die. Exposure to the near infrared light every day for less than a week shows incredible capabilities of healing damaged cells, and restoring vision.

In addition to providing treatment for eyes damaged from light, this process also shows promise for those suffering from Macular Degeneration, and even Dry Macular Degeneration- the leading cause of blindness in developed countries. The trick is providing treatment immediately after damage has ensued, or when a positive diagnosis of DMD is made. Once the cells have died, there is no way to get them back. Treating them when they are in the damaged phase- before death- can make the cells more resistant to stress and bring them back to a functioning status.

Not only is this an amazing treatment showing great promise- it is also affordable. The array of small LED lights the doctors use, make this process completely pain free and incredibly affordable. The researchers remark that the affordability is exciting in itself due to the high cost of blindness.

Professor Hollenberg stated that this experiment would enable future researchers to create an entire class of these quantum devices and do more research in the nanoscale environment.

The quantum sensor was able to detect cell activity and the entrance and exit of chemicals. Understanding these processes is a crucial step in developing medicines targeted at the molecular level.

A team composed of members from various scientific departments at the University of Melbourne crafted the tools and technology to manipulate and monitor the atom inside its nanodiamond shell. When these proved successful, they inserted the quantum sensor into human cells kept in the laboratory and sought to track its movements there.

According to Dr Yan Yan of the Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering Department, the sensor they developed can provide important information about movement inside a human cell. Since drug delivery depends on the interactions of similarly-sized particles inside cells, the information gathered will be useful in new drug development.

Liam McGuiness, a physicist from the school of Physics at the University of Melbourne, also noted the significance of this achievement. The ability to monitor the movement of such a small sensor in a microscopic environment was not previously possible, he says, except in controlled environments inside physics labs.

Following these initial experiments, scientists involved in the effort hope to develop more of the same
technology in the coming years. These tools may enable the creation of previously impossible drug developments.

“Women in ‘STEM’: A Gender Gap to Innovation,” developed and it is a report consisting of eleven pages, which is the initial study about women who are employed in technical environments, distributed by the CDESA, otherwise known as the ESA (Commerce Dept.’s Economic/Statistics Admin. “STEM” – science – technology – engineering – mathematics. The analysis is founded on information from a survey performed in the early 2000’s, an American Community Review, and it is a continuous opinion poll conducted by the USCB (United States Census Bureau) that complements the past ten years census.

The information’s general assumption is that women in science are working for lower pay and they are undersold in the United States Science, Technology, and Engineering & Math labor force – maintaining around 24 percent of all “S.T.E.M.” occupations whilst encompassing 48 percent of all employees – will not be surprising to any individual who tracks the subject. However, they might view the nonexistence of development decreasing: “Throughout the previous ten years, this understated instance regarding women in science and working for lower pay continues to be moderately continuous, even while the female’s portion of college cultured labor force has enlarged,” clarifies a branch official news statement on the analysis, released recently.

Rebecca Blank, a current secretary with Commerce and Ph.D. Economist, supervises both the Census Bureau as well as the CDESA. Rebecca attempted to add the best twist on the income difference amid women and men in science and other fields. Ms. Blank said, “There is a femininity/masculinity salary gap throughout the country.” She continued, saying, “However, it is essentially lower in Technology, engineering, science and math fields, meaning educated women working for lower pay.” Nevertheless, she recognized that the wages gap fosters bigger questions. “In reality, an individual might believe that the lower pay gap may essentially attract more women into engineering and/or science. Therefore, it enhances the mystery of what it is that everyone is doing within our colleges and our households that makes “S.T.E.M.” occupations apparently less appealing to the female population.”

Rebecca Blank continued by saying that the survey did not examine the gender hole by job setting, like academia as opposed to industry. “Hence, we failed to look at the hole by jobs,” she comments. “And what is intriguing is that manufacturing/engineering, which holds the lowermost fraction of women, really has the bottom gender gap. It is just seven cents.”

Rebecca stated that the gender salary gap “is, and continues to be, one of the largest research queries in money matters (otherwise referred to as economics). Why does this gap happen, even when you regulate for seemingly what are every one of the production characteristics?” Nonetheless, Ms. Blank is enthusiastic about risking a guess. One response, she states, is that women in science, engineering, math and/or technology do not appear to receive the same amount of workplace advancements and raises as men do.”

Reference:
Women in Science Work for Less Money, Jeffrey Mervis (August 4, 2011, 11:47 AM), Retrieved August 9, 2011 from http://news.sciencemag.org/scienceinsider/2011/08/women-in-science-work-for-less.html

Efforts have been taken to protect the people of the country against these brutal attacks. Through research and education, scientists hope to cut down on the number of people ambushed by ravenous lions. According to an article on Sciencemag.org, ‘Man Eating Lions Attack by the Dark of the Moon’, people at the greatest risk are those in rural areas who tend to spend the night in their fields to protect their crops. Bush pigs can wreak havoc on the livelihood of these farmers but the pigs are also a healthy source of food for the lions. As lions stalk the bush pigs, they often stumble upon sleeping farmers who make much easier prey than the wily hogs.

It has been studied and shown that the majority of attacks occur between the hours of 6pm and 9:45pm, with the instance of attack four times greater during the 10 days after the full moon. The reason for this is that, during this period, the moon rises later than normal, leaving these hours darker than any other time of the year. The movie ‘The Ghost and the Darkness’ (1996) dramatizes one of these events which took place in 1898. Two lions were reported to have killed about 35 people on a man-eating rampage in Kenya.

While scientists are trying to educate the rural people of Tanzania, it may be difficult. The poverty stricken people are often left with no choice than to protect their crops from destruction. To not do so would through them into near destitution. Researchers also hope that their studies will dispel the myths surrounding the moon, showing people that there is a very real basis for the correlation between the full moon and the time frame of attacks.

During a recent meeting on the Bethesda, Maryland campus of the NIH, several private organizations as well as government agencies reported their success with offering research prizes. Those reports spurred speculation as to whether the NIH will begin their own offers of prizes. At this meeting, it was reported that Francis Collins, NIH Director, will sign contracts soon that ensure NIH compliance with the America COMPETES Act. Under this Act, federal agencies are authorized to offer cash to researchers who will take on the harder high-risk projects in research. Although grants exists for such research, it is apparently not enough incentive to entice potential researchers and scientists to spend time on the riskier projects.

The 2007 America COMPETES Act allows Federal agencies to present a problem on Challenge.gov, to research teams or individuals, appraise the results, and award prizes for the best solution. Called incentives research, this was just one subject discussed during the crowdsourcing conference. Participants also looked at other ways to use the power of many willing brains. Tim O’Reilly, media guru, pointed out how the Internet collects massive amounts of information and data. Although not all information is collected in a scientific way, he believes scientists should mine the Internet for the newest and best ideas in this global brain. If cash incentives produce needed solutions, conference attendees felt it is money well spent.